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Recovery from Spiritual Abuse
How You Can Help
By Sharon Hilderbrant, M.A.
Recently, I have read two new books that describe in detail the abusive behavior of
various churches and the effects of this abuse on church members. Churches That Abuse,
by Ron Enroth, and Damaged Disciples (in press), by Ron and Vicki Burks, both
published by Zondervan, relate stories that may be hard for some Christians to believe.
Those of us who work with the victims, however, know the stories are true.
Churches on the fringe exist in every major metropolitan area as well as in
small towns and isolated rural areas. Some are large, "mega-church"
organizations, while some may be small house-church gatherings. Most of them look fairly
normal to outsiders. That is, until abused persons begin to leave and tell of their
experiences.
Getting out of the group is only the beginning of recovery. Recovery involves,
according to one survivor, getting "the group out of us." The effects of abuse
are long-standing. The following outlines how Christians can help the spiritually abused
in their recovery.
Trust:
Most survivors will have much trouble trusting. Anyone. Especially churches. A
support system is desperately needed, but survivors will have difficulty approaching. Help
with material needs (housing, job, food, etc.) is usually much appreciated. Social support
via invitations to events or dinner, or just a conversation about something other than
church or religious issues is very much needed.
Therefore, a safe place for confidentiality, a place to be relaxed without
expectations of appearances or performance, a place to connect with another caring person
(or persons) without becoming too involved in private lives, is needed. A dysfunctional don’t
trust rule was present in the system, by teaching, by practice, or both. Don’t
push for trust. Don’t push the recovery process. Respect their boundaries.
Talk:
Survivors need to tell their story. So they will remember it themselves, and
not deny any part of it. So they can be validated by others who believe them. So they can
use the truth to dispel the deceptions of the past and discern deception in the future.
The dysfunctional system no doubt had a don’t talk rule by practice—but
probably spiritualized and cloaked in scripture as well. The don’t talk rule
serves to hide a myriad of the leaders’ sins.
Emotion:
It is normal for anyone who has been victimized and abused to feel intense
emotions. The longer the survivors had to endure abuse without an outlet for emotions, the
longer it will take for them to experience the full range of emotions about it. Depression
and anxiety are common masks for other emotions.
Too much intellectualizing may inhibit the survivor from getting in touch with his or
her emotions. Fear, guilt, anger, grief, rage, sorrow—all must be felt and expressed
in their own time. An overspiritualizing of emotions may have been present in the
dysfunctional system, with certain emotions demanded and others condemned by a twisting of
scripture. The result is a don’t feel your real feelings rule.
Truth:
Encourage survivors to talk about what happened to them. Listen. Empathize.
Offer words that may describe what the person is feeling, since they may not be able to
identify it themselves at first. Limit feedback and comments to supportive statements.
Keep confidentiality. Be trustworthy.
Who am I?
Survivors typically do not know who they are anymore. They lost themselves in
the church/cult. They need to know they are lovable. Count them as equal to
yourself—not less just because they are needy. Assure them they do not have to be
perfect. Accept them as they are. Encourage them. Build confidence, offer choices. Allow
them to have strengths and weaknesses.
They need to know that they are not evil or possessed, not crazy, not shameful. They
need to know that they are not powerless and that they can recover and grow beyond this
experience. Don’t make decisions for them and don’t try to fix them. Let
them know you speak for yourself. Be careful of speaking for God. Tell them recovery takes
a long time—2 to 4 years, or longer.
What about the group?
It is critical that survivors know that God is not the group. Leaving the group
is not equivalent to leaving God. They must hear that no group has exclusive truth, or is
the elite, or is especially anointed over another for ministry of the gospel. (It is the
gospel that is anointed!)
They also need to recognize that group leaders actually deceived people, used and
abused people, twisted scripture, and fostered co-dependent and/or addictive behaviors
(perhaps immoral behavior, too) among members. Be gentle as you interpret what was hurtful
and wrong in the group. Remember, they probably have left behind some people that are
still dear to their hearts and do not wish to blame them. Information about co-dependency
and dysfunctional families and other institutions at this stage may be helpful in
confronting denial. Save Bible reading until the individual is ready to grapple with it in
small doses.
What is God really like?
Just as survivors lost themselves in the group, so did they lose reality about
who God is. They need to have grace explained in depth and to examine God’s
attributes carefully. The long process of recovery involves continually uncovering
misrepresentations of God conveyed by the words and behavior of group leaders, parents and
other authority figures.
Survivors will need to be reminded again and again of the true attributes of God and
the principle of grace. Be genuine. Be personal. Explain how scripture helps you to
understand God’s attributes. If you have received grace, you can speak confidently
about it. Tell what you love about God.
God’s people:
To become reconciled to God requires reconciliation with God’s people.
Many who begin to trust God again have much more difficulty trusting people in any church.
It helps to confront the truth about God’s people with statements similar to the
following:
• Leaders are not more favored by God over others in the church.
• All struggle spiritually, even leaders.
• All are in various stages of growth (no instant spirituality).
• All make mistakes, none are infallible.
• All can learn to hear God’s voice for themselves—no need to remain
spiritual children who must submit to parental leaders.
• All need each other—none are needless.
• All have something to give and are valuable to God.
• All—leaders and lay persons—are called to live by the same standards.
• All need to have their own relationship with God apart from the
involvement of other believers—including spouses.
• The church is not just one building or one gathering, but believers
everywhere.
Be honest:
Be honest about yourself and your own church. Admit your own inability to have
all the answers. The truth will not hinder their relationship with God. Remember it is the
Holy Spirit’s job to draw them to Himself. Your admission of struggle may help them
to learn to struggle and not give up.
Going to church:
Survivors may need help working through memories and emotions triggered by
going to church. Continually point them to God Himself. It is not God who has violated
them, but people—some well-intended and some deceptive. Help survivors to see
that Christians are individuals—imperfect—not to be put on pedestals, but to
share in the struggles and the benefits of the Christian faith.
Help them to recognize the distorted thinking—about themselves, about God,
etc.—that accompanies traumatic reactions. This is a good time to use the safety and
authority of scripture to confront the deception created by the group, and to soothe and
console. A trained counselor may be needed for this part of recovery.
Untwisting Scripture:
All survivors will need help working through memories and feelings triggered by
scripture. Scripture was twisted to the advantage of the group or its leaders. True
meanings of Scripture are healing and give life. Untwisting takes much work. Make no
assumptions of what they know or understand. Challenge every concept, all usage of jargon
and Bible language for clarification of what it means to them. They may assume you know
their understanding of a phrase, as if there is only one way to interpret it. Respect
their spiritual boundaries. Be sure they are ready to grapple with scripture. (It is
normal to avoid reading the Bible at all for 12-18 months or more.)
Conclusion:
The recovery process I have just outlined takes a long time. One-on-one support
is a long-term commitment. More helpful is a group support system, where all are assisting
survivors in various aspects. Create a network of Christians who will assist with material
needs, who will provide financial assistance to attend community events (or a
couples’ weekend, or a family camp) for rest and recreation, who will assist with
filling out tax forms, or who will advise on how to buy a good used car.
Help them obtain medical care or tutor their children to bring them up to grade level.
Provide information that will help them learn (or re-learn) how to function, without fear
or shame, in the larger society. Lend them self-help books to read. Help with professional
counseling as needed. Be available as a friend in a small group of friends. (Isn’t
that how Jesus would do it?)
Darkness to Light Home Page
http://www.dtl.org
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