Identifying A Cult
There has been much confusion about cults and how to ‘pick em’.
Some have difficulty identifying a cult because it is not so easy to identify one that
is not even religious. For this reason, over the years, different definitions of what
actually is a cult have developed to make it easier when you know little about their
beliefs.
Three different definitions:
Secular Definition
CULT - From the Latin “cultis” which denotes all that is involved in
worship, ritual, emotion, liturgy and attitude. This definition actually denotes what we
call denominations and sects and would make all religious movements a cult.
Christian Definition
CULT - Any group which deviates from Biblical, orthodox, historical
Christianity. i.e. They deny the Deity of Christ; His physical resurrection; His personal
and physical return to earth and salvation by FAITH alone.
This definition only covers those groups which are cults within the Christian religion.
It does not cover cults within other world religions such as Islam and Hinduism. Nor does
it cover Psychological, Commercial or Educational cults which do not recognize the Bible
as a source of reality.
Universal Definition
CULT - Any group which has a pyramid type authoritarian leadership structure
with all teaching and guidance coming from the person/persons at the top. The group will
claim to be the only way to God; Nirvana; Paradise; Ultimate Reality; Full Potential, Way
to Happiness etc, and will use thought reform or mind control techniques to gain control
and keep their members.
This definition covers cults within all majopr world religions, along with those cults
which have no OBVIOUS religious base such as commercial, educational and psychological
cults. Others may define these a little differently, but this is the simplest to work
from.
The ‘Orthodox Bible-Based Cult’
A group is called a cult because of their behaviour - not their doctrines. Doctrine is
an issue in the area of Apologetics and Heresy. Most religious cults do teach what the
Christian church would declare to be heresy but some do not. Some cults teach the basics
of the Christian faith but have behavioural patterns that are abusive, controlling and
cultic.
This occurs in both Non-Charismatic and Charismatic churches. These groups teach the
central doctrines of the Christian faith and then add the extra authority of leadership or
someone’s particular writings. They centre around the interpretations of the
leadership and submissive and unquestioning acceptance of these is essential to be a
member of good standing. This acceptance includes what we consider non-essential doctrines
e.i. not salvation issues (such as the Person and Work of Christ.) The key is that they
will be using mind control or undue influence on their members.
An excellent book on this subject is “Churches that Abuse” by Dr
Ronald Enroth.
Using these guidelines of definition, Bible-based, Psychological, Educational and
Commercial aberrations can easily be identified.
Other Identification Marks
(a) The group will have an ELITIST view of itself in relation to others, and a UNIQUE
CAUSE. e.i. THEY ARE THE ONLY ONES RIGHT - everyone else is wrong. THEY ARE THE ONLY ONES
DOING GOD’S WILL - everyone else is in apostasy.
(b) They will promote their cause actively, and in doing so, abuse God-given personal
rights and freedoms. This abuse can be THEOLOGICAL, SPIRITUAL, SOCIAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL.
How They Do This
- Their leader/s may claim a special, exclusive ministry, revelation or position of
authority given by God.
- They believe they are the only true church and take a critical stance regarding the
Christian church while at the same time praising and exalting their own group, leader/s
and work.
- They use intimidation or psychological manipulation to keep members loyal to their
ranks. This could be in the form of threats of dire calamity sent by God if they leave;
certain death at Armageddon; being shunned by their family and friends etc. This is a
vital part of the mind control process.
- Members will be expected to give substantial financial support to the group. This could
be compulsory tithing (which is checked); signing over all their property on entering the
group; coercive methods of instilling guilt on those who have not contributed; selling
magazines, flowers or other goods for the group as part of their “ministry”.
At
the same time bible-based cults may ridicule churches that take up free-will offerings by
passing collection plates and/or sell literature and tapes. They usually brag that they
don’t do this. This gives outsiders the intimation that they are not interested in
money.
- There will be great emphasis on loyalty to the group and its teachings. The lives of
members will be totally absorbed into the group’s activities. They will have little
or no time to think for themselves because of physical and emotional exhaustion. This is
also a vital part of the mind control process.
- There will be total control over almost all aspects of the private lives of members.
This control can be direct through communal living, or constant and repetitious teaching
on “how to be a true Christian” or “being obedient to leadership”.
Members will look to their leaders for guidance in everything they do.
- Bible-based cults may proclaim they have no clergy/laity distinction and no paid
ministry class - that they are all equal.
- Any dissent or questioning of the group’s teachings is discouraged. Criticism in
any form is seen as rebellion. There will be an emphasis on authority, unquestioning
obedience and submission. This is vigilantly maintained.
- Members are required to demonstrate their loyalty to the group in some way. This could
be in the form of “dobbing” on fellow members (including family) under the guise
of looking out for their “spiritual welfare”. They may be required to
deliberately lie (heavenly deception) or give up their lives by refusing some form of
medical treatment.
- Attempts to leave or reveal embarrassing facts about the group may be met with threats.
Some may have taken oaths of loyalty that involve their lives or have signed a
“covenant” and feel threatened by this.
Refugees of the group are usually
faced with confrontations by other members with coercion to get them to return to the
group.
Some Abuses Of Rights And Freedoms:-
1. Abuse Of Individuality: They adopt a “groupness” mentality. They
are not permitted to think for themselves apart from the group and only accept what they
are told.
2. Abuse Of Intimacy: Relationships with friends, relatives, spouses, children,
parents etc are broken or seriously hampered.
3. Abuse Of Finances: Pressure to give all you can to the group. In non-communal
groups, members usually live at the lower socio-economic strata, not because of a lower
income level, but because they are always giving money to the group for some reason.
4. “Us Versus Them” Mentality: Isolation from the community in
general. Anyone and everything outside the group is seen as “of the devil” or
“unenlightened” etc. Their enemies now include former friends; the Christian
church; governments; education systems; the media - the world in general. Those who are
involved with these in any way see such involvement as a “means to an end”.
5. Abuse Of Time And Energy: The group controls and uses almost all the members
time and energy in group activities. They are usually in a constant state of mental and
physical exhaustion.
6. Abuse Of Free Will: They must unquestioning submit to the groups teachings
and directions and their own free will is broken. Their “will” actually becomes
the groups “will” without their realizing it. This is done either by coercive
methods including low protein diets and lack of sleep, or over a period of time through
intimidation. Both methods make heavy use of “guilt”.
Results Of This Abuse
1. Personality Changes
Relatives will say they no longer recognize the person. From a warm, loving personality
will come heaped abuse, rejection and feelings of hate. The cult member sees himself as
“righteous” in comparison and this comes across in their attitude toward all
outsiders.
2. Loss Of Identity
They cannot see themselves as individuals apart from the group. Some even change their
name as a rejection of their former life.
3. Paranoid - We Are Being Persecuted
Any time you say anything negative about the group, whether justified or no, it is
regarded as “persecution”. Any criticism of the individual is also seen as
persecution only because they are the “true Christian” or
“enlightened” one - not because they, as an individual, have done the wrong
thing. However, at the same time they will feel free to criticise whatever you believe,
say and do because they are “the only ones who are right”.
4. Social Disorientation
They lose their ability to socialize outside the group. This can go so far as to not
being able to structure their time or make simple decisions for themselves when they
leave.
Their world-view alters and they perceive the world through their leaders eyes. They
become very naive about life in general.
5. Severe Guilt Complexes
They are made to feel guilty of everything they did before entering the group and are
to strive to be “good” and “worthy” for “eternal life”.
Misdemeanors are made into “mountains” so that members are in a constant state
of guilt for infringing even the most minor rules. Guilt comes because they aren’t
doing enough; entertaining doubts or questions; even thinking rationally for oneself.
This guilt is piled upon pile with new rules constantly being laid down about what is
sinful and what is not. Illness may be seen as lack of faith - more guilt. Emotional
illness may be seen as proof of sin in your life - more guilt.
Summary
Not all these points will be found in every cult, but all cults will have some if not
most of them, although these may vary to some degree.
Copyright 1985, 1995 Jan Groenveld
Mail:
PO Box 2444
Mansfield Q 4122
Australia
Reproduction is
permitted only if text is intact. The above identifying information must
be left intact.
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